Sunday, 28 August 2022
Saturday, 27 August 2022
Macbeth - William Shakespeare
This blog is part of a Thinking Activity.The act-Macbeth given by Dilip Barad sir from Department of English.
Macbeth (1606/07)
-William Shakespeare (1566-1616)
He is white regarded is the greatest writer in the English language and the world's dramatist. He is often called England's National poet and nicknamed the Bard of Avon . He was born in 23rd April, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England. He is father's name was John Shakespeare and mother's name was Mary Arden. He is father was a successful local businessman and mother was the daughter of a land owner. Shakespeare was the third son of his parents. He was baptized on April 1564. Little is known of Shakespeare's childhood and education. It is speculated that he attended the king's new school in Stratford, where he learnt to read and write. Since all the grammar schools then follow the same curricula. It is believed that he received intensive education in grammar based upon Latin classical authors. Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway,at the age of 18 in 1582. She was 8 years older than him. They had three children.
They are Susanna Hall, Hamnet Shakespeare and Judith Quiney. William Shakespeare has been confirmed with the owner of being England's National poet and 'Bard of Avon'. Though it's not exactly known as to when did Shakespeare begin his writing career; records of performances show that he is place started to feature on the London stage by 1592. Scholars refer to the years between 1585 and 1592 as Shakespeare's "lost years". In 1592 ,London theatre scene ,Shakespeare's writing were called as rubbish by another play writer. Afterwards the same play writer documented his biography. Shakespeare's play where solely performed by lord Chamberlain company in 1594 ,of which Shakespeare himself was one of the actors. After the queen Elizabeth died, the new king gems I issued a Royal pattern to the company and it was renamed as "THE KING'S MEN". In 1598 William Shakespeare's name appeared on the title page of the work. Bye 1599 Shakespeare's work where famous all over the globe. He continued writing until at list 1613. He wrote 38 Drama, 154 Sonnet, 2 long poem , His best work was Hamlet, Othello, Romeo and Juliet , Julius Caesar , Macbeth etc.
Talking about the style that Shakespeare adopted for his work, he was extremely innovative. He adapted the traditional and convention style in his own way bye adding metaphors and rhetorical phrases. However, the addition hardly ever aligned to the plot or the characters of the story. He died on 23 April, 1616 at the age of 52 , at his home town. He died within a month of signing his will , a document which he begins by describeing himself as being in "perfect health". In his will Shakespeare left the bulk of his large estate 2 is elder daughter Susanna.
Introduction:-
So far is William Shakespeare's Macbeth is concerned it is one of the most eminent and successful tragedy. It is a 5 act play and shortest of Shakespeare's tragedy. It is thought to have been first performed in 1606. Shakespeare wrote a galaxy of tragedy and comedy in his life
In this tragedy, Shakespeare has commented on those who are hungry for power. In this play, the hero of the story, Macbeth, has told the growing longing for power and the tragedy. Macbeth is the hero of the story. It is this story at the beginning of a brave soldier who is seduced by the prophecy of three witches in the story and dreams of becoming emperor himself.
Characters:-
1. Macbeth:- Scottish general in the army of king Dukan.
Thane of Glamis.
Thane of Cawdor.
Later king of Scotland
2. Lady Macbeth:- Wife of Macbeth.
Later, Queen of Scotland.
3. Duncan:-present King of Scotland
4. Malkin:- elder son of king Scotland
5. Donald:- another son of kings Scotland
6. Banquo:- Macbeth friend ,aAgeneral in the army of king dunken
7. Fleance:- Son of Banquo
8. Macduff:- Thane of Fife
9. Three witches:- they represent darkness,Chaos, conflict
10. Hecate :- Queen of the Witches
11. Ross :- Scottish general
12 . Angus :- Scottish general
✳️ Feminist Reading of Lady Macbeth.
Readymade bed fine sir classical concept of femininity repulsive but cannot deny women hood without denying morality as well. Unfortunately neither of her desire can carry through she in unable to commit the initial murder herself.
In 'Macbeth' Shakespeare shows three types of female characters which will now be looked at in further detail, starting off with Lady Macbeth. Her name Lady Macbeth would suggest that she should be just as her name says, a Lady, an accessory to Macbeth himself, har characterization, as one of the protagonists, defies the definition of the traditional female gender role if found by Tyson as she is neither emotional nor submissive. She describe a scene of infanticide showing that she is like children, unlike the typical women whose main in it should be to raise children and care f or the family. Bloody Macbeth exudes dominance throughout the play and max her power.
Furthermore, she openly rejects her femininity through the words. Through the words we can understand that being a woman means she cannot be powerful. This is the first example of Lady Macbeth purposefully rejecting her femaleness to gain power. Lady Macduff as a counterpart to Lady Macbeth. She is written as the stereotypical female character who is submissive and puts her family above all else. Even though she does voice minor criticism relating to her husband's actions. Humans are well supposed to accept whatever choice their husband's make and not criticize, then it is all made up for when his intention for living is discovered. Through the critic Lady Macduff differentiates herself from Lady Macbeth because she appeals to Macduff's morals as opposed to Lady Macbeth, whose words are meant to drive her husband to commit heinous crimes. Lady Macbeth is a prime example of female stereotype as she is portrayed and her intention for living is discovered. Through the critic Lady MacDuff differentiates herself from Lady Macbeth because she appeals to Macduff's morals as opposed to Lady Macbeth, whose words are meant to drive her husband to commit heinous crimes. Lady Macduff is a prime example of female stereotype is she is portrayed as weak powerless and submissive to the actions of man which ultimately leads to her death when attacked by murders hired by Macbeth. She maintains a close relationship with her husband even though she voices criticism and concern whenever he leaves his family to go about his obligation. This close relationship leaves Macduff in agony upon discovering her death,as well as seeking revenge.
Tuesday, 16 August 2022
Thinking skill -workshop- Mr Milan Pandya.
Two day's Thinking skill workshop:-
This Two day's workshop arranged by Department of English. In this workshop the guest is Mr.Milan Pandya sir. Who is teacher, trainer and educated in the field of thinking skill.The workshop was attended by students of Semester 1 and Semester 3 and on the second day, former students from the English Department also attended.
Introduction of Milan Pandya sir:-
Milan Pandya is a teacher, trainer and educator in the field of Thinking Skills i.e. Critical, Creative and
Design Thinking, English Language Teaching & Communication Skills. With more than 12 years of
teaching experience, Mr. Pandya has authored 02 books, and presented and published a number of
research papers in national and international conferences and journals. He has taught/trained in
numerous Universities/Institutions training more than 30,000 people in Thinking Skills across world.
This workshop was for 2 days, 13th August and 14th August.
First Day of workshop :-
On the first day in the workshop the session was started by sir and he talked about creative and critical.And then presented his opinion.
According to him thinking about thinking in order to improve thinking.
According to him, we have the advantage that we can think better than animals.When we talk about thinking, logical, rational and scientific thinking are important parts.
He gave few examples through which we can understand better.He also said that In Critical line context is everything.He gave us a line to understand this matter.
"If something is true,what else has to be to true"
1st Example: Advertisement of Kareena Kapoor Khan.
Where Kareena Kapoor Khan used to smile because she got three rupees discount in Lux Shop.
2nd Example: T.V serial Yeh Hai Mohabbatein.
In this example, the husband was helping his wife to wear a saree because she had a fractured arm.But one thing is to be noted that her makeup and hair style is absolutely perfect if she needs her husband's help in wearing the saree then how can she do the hair style and makeup.
3rd Example: The Twitter Post of Bollywood actor Satish Santosh.
4th Example : photo of Indian soldiers with shared by Bollywood actress Shraddha Kapoor.
The photo shared by Shraddha Kapoor was not from Siachen Glacier but from Russia.
5th Example:- video of helicopter and Shark which was shared by Kiran Bedi
6th Example :- Instagram post of Sunny Leone about Amit Shah .
Giving such an example Sir explained that one has to learn to be a critic and seek the truth
No one is born critical, they have to cultivate in life.
Along with this, he also answered the questions of the student's confusion.
Second Day of workshop:-
The second day workshop started by giving an example and asking if it is creative or not.
Showing this photo sir said it is not an example of creativity.Now you should learn what is creative and what is not creative?
Then sir presented us a picture which had many objects and said to classify these objects which should have at least two or three objects.
Seeing that picture, we tried to categorize it.Which is as follows...
Food
Sports
Electronic machine
Movie names
Song names
Book names
Metaphor
House hold things
Thing which in use Birthday party
And many more categories
Sir then asked us to think about using paper pin, toothbrushes and goggles.Every student racked their brains to think of this that which different use of these things.
And then sir gave us different situations in which we were told what should you do in this situation and sir also took our opinions and also confused us as to what should be done.
During this workshop we learned a lot and also learned how to think critically. Yes, we had a lot of fun in the workshop.
Thursday, 4 August 2022
Points to ponder upon Elizabethan Age
Points to ponder upon Elizabethan Age:
Introduction:
This age is recognized by three names.
1. Elizabethon age
2. Shakespearean age
3. Renaissance
Elizabeth period is set to be one of the most important period in the history of English literature. This is known as the golden period, because some really amazing writer ,some prominent writers who born in this period and they started writing in this period. Elizabeth and period started in the 1558 and it continued till 1603. During this period a lot of important socio , economic changes happened in England.
A lot of good changes who were happening in across England during this period and one most of important change is the Renaissance. So this was a period when Renaissance came in England.
Renaissance was a movement that started in Italy but during the Elizabethan lperiod it's started having an impact on England itself so that is the reason why the period is known as a period and some people so called it as the English Renaissance.
Q.1 Write in brief about Chaucer or Edmund Spencer or Ben Jonson or Francis Bacon or any one.
Ben Johnson: (11 June 1572 - 16 August 1637)
His full name was Benjamin Jonson. He was an English playwright and poet. He started his career in Elizabeth and age. He became literary dictator in the jacobean age and he lost his influence in the Carolina age. He was classically educated, which means he studied Greek and Roman classical literature.In Greek he read Homer Aristophanes. In Roman he read virgil, Horace Ovid, playtus.
In his place he strictly followed classical unities that means unity of time ,unity of play, unity of actions were strictly followed in his plays. He didn't mix tragedy with comedy and these were the main difference between Ben Johnson and William Shakespeare writing.Johnson strictly followed classical unity.Ben Johnson's tragedy was totally different and comedy was totally different. It was based on tragic and comic Greek models and had followers on the rules.
He wrote only two tragedies in his entire literary career.
1.Sejanus(1603)Sejanus His Fall
2.Catiline (1611) Catiline
His Conspiracy
These were the Roman tragic plays but these tragic plays felt to impress Renaissance audiences.
Tevar was influenced by Julius Caesar written by Shakespeare.William shakespear wrote on the Roman Empire, so he also wrote on the Roman Empress, but the difference was that Julius Caesar was a very famous woman empress and the heroes he had taken were absolutely fine.Like Sejanus and Catiline This Roman Empress was not famous so this nation audience did not like it.
Life & Works:
Ben Johnson was born in 1572 in poor family and his father dies when Johnson was very young.
His mother married to a brick layer. But Johnson was admitted to Westminster school by an unknown person.
After completing his education he joined his father in his brick laying and then he joined Royal army.
Then he secured place in theatre company under enterprinuership of Philip Henslowe.
And as soon as he entered the theater company, he slowly started getting the frame.
As an actor Johnson played the role of protagonist Geronimo in the Spanish tragedy by Thomas Kyd.
His first great play was Everyman in His Humour which was written in 1598.
People appreciated this play very much, then he wrote some plays
Volpone(1606)
Bartholomew Fair (1614)
The Devil is an Ass (1616)
The Alchemist (1610)
Isle of Dogs (1597)
The Poetaster (1601)
Sejanus (1603)
Eastward Ho (1605)
Tragedy:
Sejanus(1603)
Catiline(1611)
Comedies:
A Tale of a Tab(written - 1596,performed - 1633)
The Isle of Dogs (w-1597)
Every man in His Humour
Every man Out of His Humour
Cythia's Reveals or The Fountain of self Love
The Poetaster (p -1601)
The Silent Woman or Epicoence.
Ben Johnson was one such playwright who made the famous Masques and Anti Masques. And the public of England at that time liked such a place very much.Ben Johnson's plays were always full of satire and humor which people liked very much.James 1 also enjoyed Ben Johnson's play a lot. King James 1 provided royal patronage to Ben Johnson.So he used to write and perform Masques and Anti Masques for James 1. James provided him a pension of 100 marks yearly and Ben Johnson is considered as first poet Laureate of England.
Ben Johnson was always been a controversial writer. Having short temper and volatile nature.
In the year 1597, he wrote a controversial play called Isle of Dogs and in this play he satirized Monarchy and also on Queen Elizabeth. After which he had to face many difficulties.
In one year he killed his follow actor Gabriel Spencer in a duel. But because of contacts he managed to escape being hanged.Then in the year 1601 he wrote another controversial play, The Poetaster, in which he sateris his rivals John Master and Thomas Decker. Then he wrote two controversial plays .
Detail not about some works of Ben Jonson:
Every Man in His Humour:
Every Man in his humour by Ben Johnson of Johnson's works, the satires are some of his most well-known. Every Man in his humor was written in 1598 and was the first of his many "humour plays". Following Every Man in his humour was sequel ,every Man out of his humor. The two plays was received well by audience equal was not such success.
Volpone:
Volpone was published first in 1607 as auto and then in 1616 as part of Johnson's collected works. In the letter edition, the date of the first performance of volcanoes listed as 1605. However many scholars speculate that the first performance actually took place in early 1606. Volpone was first acted by the kings men with John Logan playing Volpone, rechard playing maska, and cooke playing Lady Would be.
Bartholomew Fair:
Bartholomew Fair was the very first performance of Ben Johnson's Bartholomew Fair on Halloween. Ben Johnson who briefly enjoyed stature aplayright exceeding his contemporary Shakespeare might well have spent the rest of his life haunted by the mountain of his Altmanesque comedy following the missed ventures and assorted complications of a variety of idiosyncratic characters during the celebrated Smithfield Fair Commemorating.
The Alchemist:
The Alchemist is one of Ben Johnson's four great comedies. The earliest recorded performance of the play occurred in Oxford in 1610. It was also entered into the stationers register in this year , though it might have been written and performed in 1610. It was first printed in water in 1612 and it was included in the folio of Johnson's work in 1616.
Cynthia's Revels:
Epicene or The Silent Woman:
Epicene or Silent Woman by Ben Johnson might will be termed the crying game of Renaissance drama.Epicine or silent women ,also known as Epicene,is a comedy by Renaissance playwright Ben Johnson. Play is about a man named dauphine who creates a scheme to get his inheritance from his uncle morase The plan involves setting morrows up to Mark Epicoence,a boy disguised as a woman. It was a originally performed by Black friars children, aur children of the queens reveals a ground of boy players in 1609.Excluding it's two prologues , the play is written entirely in prose.
Selected poems of Ben Johnson: Ben Johnson is a for probably far better known today for his career as a contemporary rival of the bard for the hearts and minds of Elizabeth era theatergoers. Indeed, is big it as adrama test everyman in his humor actually featured a young actor named will Shakespeare. That success was followed by other stage works which are still performed today including Volpone, Bartholomew Fair, and The Alchemist.
conclusion: By 1623, his fame had diminished in the Royal Court and in 1628 he suffered a stroke, due to which he became ill forever.His death on 16 August 1637, after which he was buried in Best Minister B.
His play Every Man in Humour and Volpone is very famous even today.The places he wrote were Volphore, Barthlomew Fair and the Alchemist in place among British society per satire.Ben Johnson was the first writer of his time to have his own place published on his expense.It was a very common thing in those days.Ben Johnson's plays may have been less famous than Shakespeare's, but many poets and play writers followed him and made him their mentor.
And these people broughtSons of Ben and Types of Ben This was a very famous place writer who also wrote the Elizabethan Age and Jacobean age.But he got more fame in the Jacobian Age.
Monday, 1 August 2022
Points which are to be pondered of Neoclassical age
- The word Neoclassical has been derived from Greek " neos" means ' new ' and Latin "classicus" means " relating to ancient Greek or Latin principles of the forms of art".
- It dominated English literature from the Restoration period in 1660 until the end of the 18th century
- It was the movement against the too much use of individualism and imagination in literature.
- The new classical period of literature can be divided into three distinct stages.
1. The Restoration period (1660 to 1688)
2. The Augustan period (1700 to 1750)
3. Age of Johnson or The Age of Transition (1748 to 1798)
- New classical era gives us better understanding of the literature.
- This was a time of comfortableness in England.
- People would meet at coffee houses to chat about politics and among other topics .
Q.1 Write in brief about your favourite major/minor - writer/poet of the age.
He was born on 13 November 1667 at Dublin, Island. Died on 19 October 1747 Island. He was an Anglo Irish satirist, essayist and political pamphleter. A very famous writer of Augustine age. His nickname was dean Swift.
He was employed in helping to prepare temples memories and correspondence for publication.
During this time Swift drought the battle of the books, a satire responding to critics of temples essay upon ancient and modern learning (1690) to battle was not published until 1704.
In 1704 Swift anonymously released A Tell of Tub.
It was harshly disapproved of by this publication and his the scorn of Queen Anne of England and the Church of England.
His writing earned him or reputation in London, and become editor of the seminar their official paper.
He wrote most cutting and well-known political pamphlets The Conduct of the Alice, an attack on the whigs.
He returned to Ireland and became dean of St .patrick's Cathedral in Dublin in 1713.
Then he focused on his writing, pouring many of his political opinions and experiences into his best non work Gulliver's travels.
Adventure stories made popular by the publication of Daniel defoe's Robinson crusoe a few years earlier. After it lawrence Stern's Adventure of Tristram Shandy.
Gulliver's Travels remains Swift's most famous work and is a staple of the English literary canon.
The novel has remained in print consistently since 1726th and has been adapted to picture books comics, and a number of films.
Important works:
A Tale of a Tub
The battle of the Book
A Description of a city shower
Ode to the Atherian Society
Gulliver's Travels (1726)
A modest proposal (1729)
A Tale of a Tub:
Gulliver's Travels:
The main idea behind Gulliver's Travels is to persuade britonce to reform their own society. Swift uses his gullible narrator, appropriately named Gulliver to show through his number of mically cruel and abused fictional cultures.
His Death:
In 1747, Swift suffered from a stroke and lost the ability to speak.
On October 19, 1747, Swift died. He was laid to rest next to Esther Johnson inside Dublin's St.Patric's Cathedral.
Q.2 Tom Jones/ Moll Flanders as picaresque novels.
Picarescue novel:
- The word 'picaresque' is derived from the Spanish word 'picaro 'which means a 'rougue'(vagabond).
- The picaresque novel present the stormy of the adventures of some man or woman who keep on moving from place to place.
- Since the novel records the different episodes in his or her journey ,the plot remains loose and episodic.
- There is little if any character development in the main character. Once a picaro, always picaro. His or her circumstances many change but this rarely result in a change of heart.
- There is little or not plot. The Story is told in a series of loosely connected adventures or episodes.
- The picaro 's story is told with a plainness of language or realism.
Moll Flanders:
Written by Daniel Dafoe , the picaresque novel Moll Flanders is based upon a true event. Daniel Dafoe met Elizabeth Atkins at the Newgate prison for numerous allegations. She narrates her life story to Dafoe , upon which he portrays the character of Moll who was born in prison and had a tragic life throughout the novel.
Whatever crimes she commits ,she does that because of the circumstances surrounding surrounding her and not by her own will.
3. Portrayal of humans in Neo-classical novels.
The people of neo classical age were very prompt about their way of living, tradition ,rituals and reputation in society .
Mostly the things of that period neo classical we have during starting time of Neoclassical age ln have the restoration age that time literature was mainly focused on the Aristocratic family.Those who were upper class families, their focus was on society. They were very much artificial,they were very much luxurious lifestyle.they were always follow French lifestyle.
The neoclassical literature consider man as a limited being, having limited power. A large number of satires and works of the period attack the man for his pride and advise him to remain content with his limited power of knowledge.
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